Knowledge
Guides: handwriting and signatures
Guides to forensic handwriting and signature examination: comparison material, identification methods, GRAPHLOG and documenting results.
How should a handwriting and signature opinion be read?
These articles discuss reference material, writing authenticity and examination documentation. You will find explanations of terminology and methodological issues relating to document examination.
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Original or scan? Preparing a document for signature examination
Find out when an original document is needed, what can limit analysis of a scan and what information to prepare before a signature examination.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesComparison material for handwriting examination: what to agree before handover
How should signed documents and handwritten entries be organised before examination? A checklist of points to agree on provenance, period and material transfer.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesComputer-assisted handwriting analysis in forensic science—using GRAPHLOG in handwriting examination
How does GRAPHLOG support handwriting examination? Learn about graphic-feature measurements, comparison of writing and the expert’s role in interpreting results.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesForensic handwriting examination—identification methods, questioned material and the value of an expert opinion
Methods of identifying a writer, selecting reference material and the stages of examination. See what determines the value of a handwriting opinion.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesHandwriting examination methods—selected classical research approaches
The calligraphic, signaletic and photographic descriptive methods. Explore the development of traditional handwriting examination and the limitations of these approaches.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesFurther traditional handwriting examination methods
A review of historical handwriting examination methods: Langenbruch, graphometric and Matveyev. Principles, measurements and limitations of their use.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesSelected methods of handwriting identification examination
How is handwriting variability analysed? Discussion of Duyster’s method, Brosson’s projections and the role of geometric measurements in comparing writing.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesAdvanced measurement methods in forensic handwriting examination
Geometric structural and statistical methods of handwriting examination. Explore their principles, supporting role and limitations in signature assessment.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesAdvanced approaches to handwriting identification—kinetic-geometric analysis, the graphical comparison method and graphology
Kinetic-geometric analysis, the graphical comparison method and graphology. An explanation of the differences between handwriting identification and personality assessment.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesExamination material in handwriting examination using the graphic comparative method
How is material selected for handwriting examination? The importance of comparison samples, document quality and the conditions in which the questioned writing was produced.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesComputer handwriting analysis in forensic science—the graphometric method and use of the GRAPHLOG system
Computer analysis of handwriting and signature characteristics using GRAPHLOG. The role of graphometric measurements, comparison material and expert interpretation.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesForensic handwriting examination—expert opinions and document analysis
What does examination of handwriting and signature authenticity involve? Comparative methods, applications of document examination and presentation of results.
Read the article ↗Handwriting and signaturesForensic handwriting examination from a methodological perspective—scope, examination material, stages of analysis and the evidential value of the expert opinion
The stages of handwriting examination: material assessment, comparative examinations and documentation. The significance of methodology and limitations for the opinion's conclusions.
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